祁連山太極英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)筆記-動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞

太極英語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞

一、什么是動(dòng)詞

1）The dogs ran and jumped.

這些狗又跑又跳。

2）I am happy.

我是快樂(lè)的。

二、動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)

1.原形：動(dòng)詞的基本形態(tài)

做一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)

2.過(guò)去式：

做一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，翻譯為“了”

3.過(guò)去分詞：

（1）和助動(dòng)詞have結(jié)合做完成時(shí)，已經(jīng)做了，翻譯為“已經(jīng)...”

（2）和助動(dòng)詞be結(jié)合做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，翻譯為“被做...”

1）I do something.

我做一些事。

2）I did my homework.

我做了作業(yè)。

3）I have done all the things.

我已經(jīng)做完了所有事情。

The homework is done/have been done.

作業(yè)被做了/已經(jīng)被做了。

4）原形：Don't forget to lock the door.別忘了關(guān)上門(mén)。

過(guò)去式：Are you sure you locked the front door？你確定鎖了前門(mén)嗎？

過(guò)去分詞：I have locked the doors and windows.我已經(jīng)鎖好了門(mén)窗。

The doors are locked from the inside.門(mén)從里面被鎖上了。

三、動(dòng)詞的變化

1.規(guī)則的變化

（1）大部分動(dòng)詞在圓形詞尾加ed

原形	過(guò)去式（已經(jīng)...）	過(guò)去分詞（被...）
ask 問(wèn)	asked	asked
end 結(jié)束	ended	ended
walk 走	walked	walked
want 想要	wanted	wanted
work 工作	worked	worked
look 看	looked	looked

（2）詞尾為e者只加d（e通常不發(fā)音）

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
agree 同意	agreed	agreed
die 死	died	died
like 喜歡	liked	liked
live 居住	lived	lived
cite 引用	cited	cited
love 愛(ài)	loved	loved
guide引導(dǎo)	guided	guided
welcome 歡迎	welcomed	welcomed

（3）詞尾為輔音+y者，將y改成i，再加ed

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
cry 哭	cried	cried
dry 弄干	dried	dried
try 嘗試	tried	tried
study 學(xué)習(xí)	studied	studied

（4）詞尾為元音+y者，直接在y后加ed

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
delay 延遲	delayed	delayed
obey 遵守	obeyed	obeyed
destroy 破壞	destroyed	destroyed
play 玩	played	played

（5）短元音字母+單輔音字母，企鵝為單音節(jié)詞，要重復(fù)輔音字母

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
beg 祈求	begged	begged
pat 輕拍	patted	patted
rob 搶	robbed	robbed
drop 滴下	dropped	dropped
plan 計(jì)劃	planned	planned
stop 停止	stopped	stopped
wed 結(jié)婚	wedded	wedded

（6）兩個(gè)音節(jié)的詞，重音在第二音節(jié)，詞尾為單輔音字母時(shí)，需要重復(fù)輔音字母

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
admit 承認(rèn)	admitted	admitted
occur 發(fā)生	occurred	occurred
omit 省略	omitted	omitted
control 控制	controlled	controlled
permit 允許	permitted	permitted
prefer 比較喜歡	preferred	preferred
transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移	transferred	transferred

（5）（6）可歸納為重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，不論是一個(gè)還是兩個(gè)音節(jié)詞，一律雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母。

元音紫門(mén)結(jié)尾叫開(kāi)音節(jié)，輔音字母結(jié)尾叫閉音節(jié)。閉音節(jié)氛圍重讀閉音節(jié)和非重讀閉音節(jié)。

以元音+輔音結(jié)尾的單詞，是閉音節(jié)詞，元音發(fā)短音，所以是重讀閉音節(jié)詞。

（7）詞尾為c，發(fā)音為/k/時(shí)，加字母k再加ed

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
picnic 野餐	picnicked	picnicked
birouac 露營(yíng)	birouacked	birouacked
mimic 模仿	mimicked	mimicked
frolic 嬉戲	frolicked	frolicked

2.不規(guī)則的變化

（1）A-A-A型

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
read 讀	read	read
cost 話費(fèi)	cost	cost
cut 切	cut	cut
hit 打	hit	hit
hurt 傷害	hurt	hurt
let 讓	let	let
put 放	put	put
set 設(shè)定	set	set
shut 關(guān)閉	shut	shut

（2）A-B-A型

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
come 來(lái)	came	come
become 變成	became	become
overcome 克服	overcame	overcome
run 跑	ran	run

（3）A-A-B型

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
beat 打	beat	beaten

（4）A-B-B型

加t既成過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
burn 燃燒	burnt，burned	burnt，burned
deal 交易	dealt	dealt
dream 做夢(mèng)	dreamt，dreamed	dreamt，dreamed
lean 依靠	leant，leaned	leant，leaned
learn 學(xué)習(xí)	learnt，learned	learnt，learned
mearn 意思是	meant	meant
spoil 寵壞	spoilt，spoiled	spoilt，spoiled

去一個(gè)輔音字母再加t

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
smell 聞	smelt，smelled	smelt，smelled
spell 拼詞	spelt，spelled	spelt，spelled
spill 灑出	spilt，spilled	spilt，spilled

以字母d結(jié)尾，將d改成t

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bend 玩去	bent	bent
build 建造	built	built
lend 借	lent	lent
rend 撕碎	rent	rent
send 送寄	sent	sent
spend 話費(fèi)	spent	spent

將兩個(gè)相同元音變成一個(gè)元音

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bleed 流血	bled	bled
breed 養(yǎng)育	bred	bred
feed 喂	fed	fed
meet 遇見(jiàn)	met	met
shoot 射擊	shot	shot
leed 帶領(lǐng)	led	led

將i改成u

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
cling 抓緊	clung	clung
dig 挖掘	dug	dug
sling 投擲	slung	slung
stick 粘貼，刺	stuck	stuck
strick 打擊	struck	struck
swing 擺動(dòng)	swung	swung
wring 擰扭	wrung	wrung

將i改成ou

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bind 捆綁	bound	bound
find 找到	found	found
wind 蜿蜒	wound	wound

去掉一個(gè)元音再+t

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
feel 覺(jué)得	felt	felt
keep 保持	kept	kept
kneel 跪	knelt	knelt
sleep 睡	slept	slept
sweep 掃	swept	swept
weep 哭泣	wept	wept

augh或ough

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bring 帶來(lái)	brought	brought
buy 買(mǎi)	bought	bought
catch 捕獲	caught	caught
fight 大家	fought	fought
seek 尋找	sought	sought
teach 教	taught	taught
thingk 想	thought	thought

去掉詞尾e

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bite 咬	bit	bit
hide 躲藏	hid	hid
slide 滑行	slid	slid

將y改成id

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
lay 放置	laid	laid
pay 付錢(qián)	paid	paid
say 說(shuō)	said	said

其它類型

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
sell 賣(mài)	sold	sold
tell 告訴	told	told
hold 握住	held	held
awake 叫醒	awoke	awoke
forget 旺季	forgot	forgot
get 得到	got	got
have 有	had	had
hear 聽(tīng)到	heard	heard
leave 離開(kāi)	left	left
light 點(diǎn)燃	light，lit	light，lit
lose 遺失	lost	lost
make 制造	made	made
sit 坐	sat	sat
stand 站	stood	stood
understand 理解	understood	understood
wake 醒來(lái)	woke，waked	woke，waked
win 贏	won	won
hang 懸掛	hung	hung

（5）A-B-C型

元音全部不同

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
begin 開(kāi)始	began	begun
drink 喝	drank	drnnk
ring 鈴響	rang	rung
sing 唱	sang	sung
swim 有用	swam	swum
drive 開(kāi)車	drove	driven
rise 上升	rose	risen
ride 騎	rode	ridden

過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞元音相同

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
bear 忍受	bore	born
wear 穿著	wore	worn
break 打破	broke	broken
speak 說(shuō)話	spoke	spoken
steal 偷	stole	stolen
choose 選擇	chose	chosen
freeze 結(jié)冰	froze	fozen
lie 躺	lay	lain

其它

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
eat 吃	ate	eaten
give 給	gave	given
see 看	saw	seen
shake 搖動(dòng)	shook	shaken
take 拿	took	taken
fly 飛	flew	flown
know 知道	knew	known
throw 投擲	threw	thrown

（6）助動(dòng)詞的變化

原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
shall 將	should	-
will 將	would	-
can 能	could	-
may 也去	might	-
must 必須	-	-
ought 必須	-	-
do 做	did	done
be 是，在，被	was/were	been