such as用法詳解
一、such as 的七個(gè)用法
1. 表示舉例，such as 意為“例如，諸如此類(lèi)的，像……那樣的”，相當(dāng)于like或for example。如：
There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像濟(jì)慈和雪萊這樣的詩(shī)人現(xiàn)在很少了。
Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly” in “she ran fast”. 副詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。
Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food wherever they can . 像兔和鹿這樣的動(dòng)物整個(gè)冬天都是很活躍的，它們到處尋找食物。
用于此義時(shí)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：
(1) 這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)既可表現(xiàn)為“名詞+such as+例子”，也可表現(xiàn)為“such+名詞+as+例子”。如：
I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜歡像這首歌一樣的歌。
(2) 若 such as 后接動(dòng)詞，通常用動(dòng)名詞，有時(shí)也可用動(dòng)詞原形。如：
Don't do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做什么蠢事，比如說(shuō)去嫁給他。
Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔術(shù)師常常變從帽子里抓出兔子的戲法。
(3) 不要按漢語(yǔ)意思將s uch as 用作s uch like。
(4) such as 后不可列出前面所提過(guò)的所有東西。如：
正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四種語(yǔ)言，如日語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)。
誤：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四種語(yǔ)言，如漢語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。
(5) 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，such as可與etc. 連用。如：
They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers，etc. 他們種了許多種花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。
They export a 1ot of fruits，such as oranges，lemons，etc. 他們出口許多水果，如桔子、檸檬等。
2. such as 表示“像……這樣的”，其中的 as 用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。此外，不要按漢語(yǔ)意思把該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 as 換成like。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來(lái)那么傻。
Such men as he (is) are rare now. 現(xiàn)在像他這樣的人很少了。
3. such as 表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”，其意相當(dāng)于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的 such 為先行詞，as 為關(guān)系代詞。如：
Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。
You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑選自己想要的東西。
Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知識(shí)和技能的人不愁沒(méi)有工作。
4. 有時(shí) such as 整個(gè)兒用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我們本來(lái)希望給你一個(gè)別人從未有過(guò)的機(jī)會(huì)。
Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我離開(kāi)那里，心頭感到一種前所未有的沉重心情。
5. 用于 such…as to do sth，表示結(jié)果，其中的such為限定語(yǔ)，as to do sth 表示結(jié)果。如：
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house. 聲音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。
You shouldn't put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不應(yīng)該要價(jià)這么高，以致把顧客都嚇跑了。
6. 用于such as to do sth，表示程度或結(jié)果。其中的such是代詞，as to do sth引出的結(jié)構(gòu)作程度狀語(yǔ)或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：
Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必?fù)?dān)心。
The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她腳疼，但還不至于不能行走。
7. 用于 such as it is 構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)，表示讓步，意思是“盡管不怎么好”“盡管不一定正確”“盡管沒(méi)什么價(jià)值或重要性”。如：
The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好，但量很多。
You may use my bike, such as it is. 盡管我的自行車(chē)不好，你可以將就著用吧。
You're welcome to join us for supper, such as it is—we're only having soup and bread. 歡迎你和我們一起吃晚飯，只是沒(méi)什么好吃的——只有湯和面包。
二、such as 與其他相似結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
1. such…as與such…that
such ... as 前者用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，such ... that 后者用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)他講那樣的故事。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 天氣很冷，街上沒(méi)有一個(gè)人。
試比較：
He is such a good teacher as we all respect. 他是一位我們大家都尊敬的好老師。(as引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，as 在該定語(yǔ)從句中用作respect的賓語(yǔ))
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 他是那樣一位好老師,以致于我們大家都尊敬他。(that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that在該狀語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，另外注意句中的respect帶有賓語(yǔ)him)
2. such as 與 as such
such as 與 as such 兩者詞序相反，意義區(qū)別也很大，as such 有兩個(gè)主要意思：
(1) 表示“按照某詞通用的詞義”“根據(jù)某詞嚴(yán)格的詞義”。如：
It's not an agreement as such, but it will have virtually the same effect as one. 就協(xié)議的詞義而言，它算不上是協(xié)定，但實(shí)際上起到了協(xié)定的作用。
I can't call my book a best seller as such but it's very popular. 我不敢說(shuō)我的書(shū)是暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)，但可以說(shuō)很受歡迎。
(2) 表示“就本身而論”。如：
Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金錢(qián)本身很少帶來(lái)幸福。
Money, as such, does not bring happiness. 金錢(qián)本身并不給人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。
(3) 表示“以某種身份(或資格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那樣”。如：
She is a kind woman and is known as such. 她是位好心腸的女人，這是大家知道的。
He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是文章的作者，但他不想讓人知道他是作者。