在非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句中有下列幾種情形：

1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，非真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)”，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

①I(mǎi)f I were you I would stay here. 如果我是你，我就呆在這兒。

②We would go with you if we had time. 如果我們有時(shí)間，會(huì)和你一起去的。

2. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，非真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should / could / might + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。如：

①I(mǎi)f he had come here yesterday, I should have told him about it. 如果他昨天到這里來(lái)，我早就告訴他這件事了。

②If I had seen you yesterday, I would have asked you about it. 如果我昨天看到你，我就會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事。

3. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，非真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式或should或were to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

①I(mǎi)f it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，籃球比賽就延期舉行。

②If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn't go for an outing. 如果明天下雪，他們就不外出游玩。

4. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣即當(dāng)非真實(shí)條件句中表示的行為與主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：

①I(mǎi)f we hadn't been working hard in the past few years(過(guò)去), things wouldn't be so smoothly now(現(xiàn)在). 要是我沒(méi)有過(guò)去幾年的勤奮工作，那事情就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)在這樣平穩(wěn)了。

②If you had worked hard yesterday(過(guò)去), you would be tired now (現(xiàn)在). 如果你昨天工作很辛苦的話，那你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)很疲勞的。