backward effects

基本解釋

The defects will make the stimulation force function in the reverse direction, even produce backward effects.
這些缺陷會(huì)使激勵(lì)作用轉(zhuǎn)向負(fù)面，產(chǎn)生逆向效應(yīng)，本文對(duì)此進(jìn)行了探討分析。
First, this paper makes a modeling verification of the effects that FDI backward spillovers have on the manufacturing industry.
近年來(lái)隨著外資在我國(guó)制造業(yè)的參與度和集中度的不斷提高，外資的后向關(guān)聯(lián)溢出效應(yīng)日益受到重視。
You can use a similar technique to develop empathy, by working backward from the observable effects of emotion to the emotion itself.
你能用一個(gè)類似的技巧來(lái)建立移情：通過(guò)從可觀察感情產(chǎn)生效果反推至感情本身。
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But, then, such are the narcotic effects of peace, and certainly no one wants to go backward.
NEWYORKER: The Idiot President