chronic

柯林斯詞典

1. ADJ A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time. Compare . 慢性的; 長(zhǎng)期的
...chronic back pain. …長(zhǎng)期背痛。
2. chronicallyADV 慢性地; 長(zhǎng)期地[ADV adj/-ed]
Most of them were chronically ill. 他們中大部分人都有慢性病。
3. ADJ You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves. 積習(xí)難改的[ADJ n]
...a chronic worrier. …一個(gè)老是發(fā)愁的人。
4. ADJ A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant. 嚴(yán)重的
One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty. 那位藝術(shù)家自殺的原因之一好像是極度貧困。
5. chronicallyADV 嚴(yán)重地[ADV adj/-ed]
Research and technology are said to be chronically underfunded. 據(jù)說(shuō)研究和技術(shù)資金嚴(yán)重不足。