什麼叫懸垂分詞

你知道什麼叫懸垂分詞嗎？請(qǐng)看看這道題：

__________ the road，a car knocked him down.

A. Crossing B. Crossed C. When he was crossing D. To cross

此題應(yīng)選C。其餘均可能被誤選。分析如下：

選項(xiàng)B不對(duì)，因爲(wèi)它是過(guò)去分詞，其後不應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ)。

選項(xiàng)A，D不對(duì)，因爲(wèi)該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致——搆成懸垂分詞。

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，作狀語(yǔ)用的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則便是錯(cuò)句。比較：

爲(wèi)了通過(guò)考試，(他)每分鍾都用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。

誤：To pass the exam，every minute was spent in studying.

正：To pass the exam，he spent every minute in studying.

信讀了第二次之後，意思就更清楚了。

誤：Reading the letter a second time，the meaning became clearer.

正：Being read a second time，the letter became clearer in meaning.

狗叫得厲害，所以我把它放了出去。

誤：Barking madly，I led the dog out.

正：Barking madly，the dog was let out.

但是，在有些特殊的結(jié)搆(衹有少數(shù)固定結(jié)搆)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)：

Judging from [by] what he said，he was a cheat. 從他說(shuō)的話來(lái)看，他就是個(gè)騙子。