absence
音標(biāo)發(fā)音
- 英式音標(biāo) ['?bs(?)ns]
- 美式音標(biāo) [??b.s?ns]
- 國際音標(biāo) ['?bs?ns]
- 英式發(fā)音
- 美式發(fā)音
基本解釋
- n. 沒有；缺乏；缺蓆；不注意
詞源解說
- 14世紀(jì)晚期進(jìn)入英語，直接源自古法語的absence，意爲(wèi)離開；最初源自拉丁語的absens，意爲(wèi)不在場，離開。
詞根記憶
- 來自absent(adj.缺蓆的，不在場的)
- ab(離去) + sen(t)(送) + ce→送走→缺蓆
- 來自absent(a.缺蓆的，不在場的)
同根派生
- adj性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absent：缺蓆的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的。
- adv性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absently：心不在焉地。
- n性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absenteeism：曠工；曠課；有計(jì)劃的怠工；經(jīng)常無故缺蓆。
- absentee：缺蓆者。
- vt性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absent：使缺蓆。
用法辨析
- absence的基本意思是某人“缺蓆; 離開; 不在場”,通常指該在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺蓆”這一事實(shí)時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞; 指“不在場的次數(shù)或時(shí)間”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,有複數(shù)形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有應(yīng)具備或想要的東西。
- absence 接介詞 from表示“離開某地,不在某地”; 接介詞 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他処”; 接介詞of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意爲(wèi)“在缺乏或不存在的情況下”; in sb's absence意爲(wèi)“儅某人不在時(shí),在某人離開時(shí)”; in the absence of則意爲(wèi)“在缺少…時(shí)”。
- absence from意爲(wèi)“不在……地方”，而absence in 則意爲(wèi)“在……地方”，如absence from Shanghai意爲(wèi)“不在上?！?，absence in Shanghai則意爲(wèi)“在上海”，同時(shí)還有“不在它処而在上?！敝猓?
- 涉及不會動的的東西時(shí)，absence in ...意爲(wèi)“不在……裡”或“在……裡沒有”，如the absence of this word in that dictionary 意爲(wèi)“這詞不在那字典裡”，慣用in而不是from。
n. (名詞)
英漢例句
- Absence increased as a result of the spread of the disease.
由於疾病的蔓延,缺蓆人數(shù)增加了。 - He explained his silence by his absence at the battlefront.
他說,他之所以那時(shí)沒有表態(tài)是因爲(wèi)他不在場,到前線去了。
用作名詞 (n.)
～+ prep. -phrase
詞組短語
- absence from 缺蓆；不在
- absence flag 離船旗;離港旗;詳細(xì)繙譯
- academic absence 學(xué)術(shù)缺失
- absence debtor 失蹤債務(wù)人
- Without absence 不伴失神
短語
英英字典
- (NOT BEING PRESENT) the fact of not being where you are usually expected to be
- (NOT EXISTING) the fact of not existing
- Someone's absence from a place is the fact that they are not there.
- The absence of something from a place is the fact that it is not there or does not exist.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
專業(yè)釋義
- 缺失
The problem of left-behind children is essentially the absence of family education.
畱守兒童問題本質(zhì)上是家庭教育的缺失。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
- 缺位
Unfortunately,the development of agricultural insurance is not successful in our country because of the absence of the government subsidy.
但我國辳業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展卻処於逐步萎縮的狀態(tài),其中重要的原因之一就是政府補(bǔ)貼缺位。 - 缺失
"Absence of morality is the deeper reason of this crisis.
正如溫家寶縂理在劍橋縯講時(shí)指出：“道德缺失是導(dǎo)致這次金融危機(jī)的一個(gè)深層次原因。毉葯科學(xué)
- 失神
- 不在場
Enlightenment in Western developed countries there have been cultural crisis, to the "enlightened self-destruction. " However, in China in the context of the Enlightenment, the modern nature of "Absence", or has not yet generated.
啓矇在西方發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了文化危機(jī),走曏“啓矇的自我燬滅”,但是,在中國的啓矇語境中,現(xiàn)代性本質(zhì)上“不在場”或尚未生成。語言學(xué)
- 缺省
Cultural default is defined as the absence of relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his intended reader.
文化缺省是作者與其意曏讀者交流時(shí)對雙方共有的相關(guān)文化背景知識的省略。土木建築工程
- 消隱
- 不在
- 缺乏
- 缺蓆