不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

一、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

主要區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞與修飾的主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞與修飾的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

（2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和句子的主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

二、動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

（1）分詞常常表示為伴隨，而動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。

They stood by the roadside taking about the plan. //分詞表示伴隨

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. //不定式表示目的

（2）分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。

Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch. //分詞表示原因

Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. //分詞表示時(shí)間

Reading carefully, you'll learn something new. //分詞表示條件

His family was too poor to support him. //不定式表結(jié)果

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book. //不定式表示結(jié)果

We are glad to hear the news. //不定式表示原因\

三、下面句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：

（1）not/ never too...to/ too...not to, but/ only too..to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to表示肯定意義。

（2）做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find,hear,see,be told,form,give,make,produce等。

（3）不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。