中考動詞不定式的10大考點例析
動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為＂to+動詞原形＂，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：
1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。
2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例，對不定式的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點，作一簡要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時參考。
一、動詞不定式作主語
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM工人們一年多的時間。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)
Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B
［簡析］動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質(zhì)。
二、動詞不定式作賓語
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D
［簡析］在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。
? 三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)
Key： 1. B 2. C
［簡析］不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。
四、動詞不定式作狀語
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)
Key： 1. A 2. C
［簡析］go， come， try， do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語。
3. I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)
5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)
Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A
［簡析］＂be +形容詞+ to do sth＂結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。
6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)
The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)
7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)
The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (廣東省)
Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on
［簡析］在上述＂too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。
??? 五、動詞不定式作定語
1. Would you like something ______?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)
2. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)
3. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)
Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D
［簡析］不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。
六、不帶to的動詞不定式
1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)
2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)
3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)
4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)
Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
［簡析］1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動詞和make， have， let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態(tài))。2.在＂had better＂后面接不帶to的不定式。
??? 七、動詞不定式的否定形式
1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.
A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didn't jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))
2. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)
3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.
A. have， not to be B. have， not be
C. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))
Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C
［簡析］動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.
八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別
1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))
2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?
——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)
3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?
——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)
4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)
Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking
［簡析］一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下：＂stop to do sth＂意為＂停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事＂，＂stop doing sth＂意為＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remember to do sth＂意為＂記住去做某事＂(事還未做)，＂remember doing sth＂意為＂記得做過某事＂(事已做)：＂go on to do sth＂意為＂接著做某事＂(做完一事，接著做另一事)，＂go on doing sth＂意為＂繼續(xù)做某事＂(一事未做完接著往下做)：＂forget to do sth＂意為＂忘了做某事＂(事還未做)，＂forget doing sth＂意為＂忘了曾做過某事＂(事已做)。
5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.
A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)
6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.
A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)
Key： 5. B 6. A
［簡析］在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語，用不定式表示動作的全過程(動作已結(jié)束)，用動詞的-ing形式表示動作正在進行(動作尚未結(jié)束)。
??? 九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留
1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?
A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)
2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
______. What time are we going to meet?
A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm glad C. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大連市)
Keys： 1. D 2. C
［簡析］在口語中，動詞不定式中的動詞或短語動詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時，第二個動詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于＂be glad to＂，＂would like (love) to＂，＂have to＂等結(jié)構(gòu)中。
十、動詞不定式的被動式和其他形式
The new hospital ______ is near the factory.
A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)
Key： D
［簡析］當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者(賓語)時，用動詞不定式的被動式，即：to be +過去分詞；如果不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +過去分詞；如果不定式表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，用不定式的進行式，即：to be +現(xiàn)在分詞