前綴pre-詞源、用法和例詞
詞源：
前綴pre-與前綴post- 是一對相反的詞綴，它來源拉丁介副詞prae,原意為before,beforehand 或in front，即表示時間或空間上的“前”。pre- 原是個有副詞含義的原生詞，出現(xiàn)于拉丁語源的原生詞中。但自15世紀以來，它成為一個活性的派生詞綴，能與許多單詞綴合，起介詞性或修辭性的作用。當介詞性的pre- 與名詞綴合時，可能改變詞基單詞的詞性。當派生前綴pre-出現(xiàn)在以e開頭的單詞或大寫字母時，要加連接字符。此外，應(yīng)注意原生前綴pre-中的e讀短音/I/,而派生前綴pre- 中的e念長音/i:/。
英語詞源：
word-forming element meaning "before," from Old French pre- and Medieval Latin pre-, both from Latin prae (adverb and preposition) "before in time or place," from PIE *peri- (cognates: Oscan prai, Umbrian pre, Sanskrit pare "thereupon," Greek parai "at," Gaulish are- "at, before," Lithuanian pre "at," Old Church Slavonic pri "at," Gothic faura, Old English fore "before"), extended form of root *per- (1)"beyond" (see per).
The Latin word was active in forming verbs. Also see prae-. Sometimes in Middle English muddled with words in pro- or per-.
前綴PRE來源于拉丁語，意為“before”，下面重點看一下PRE的主要意思"before”。
1.先前，前，早一點，以前
predilection, preview, pretext
2.前面，提前，在前面的，向前,預(yù)先
prefatory, preamble, precipice
此外，前綴pre-還有一些同義前綴，它們也具有“事先，以前”的意思；還有一些反義詞綴，它們具有“后面，以后”的意思。
1．同義前綴:ante,fore
2.反義詞綴：post,retro,re
例詞：
1.precaution [pre（=before）+cau( =take care)事先小心，注意]
n. care taken in advance to avoid a risk 小心，警惕，預(yù)防
precautionary 預(yù)防的，警惕的
舉例： As a precaution, please fasten your seat belt before starting the car.
作為一種預(yù)防措施，請在發(fā)動汽車之前系好安全帶。
2.prevail [pre( =before) +vail( =strength,worth)力量領(lǐng)先的]
v.gain victory over; be widespread; be generally seen, done, etc.; be effective;
persuade 占優(yōu)勢，戰(zhàn)勝；普及，盛行；有效；說服
prevailing 占優(yōu)勢的；普及的，流行的；有效的；占支配地位的 prevalent 普及的，流行的 prevalence 普及，流行
舉例： Although the team was down in the 3rd quarter, in the end they prevalled.
雖然那個隊在第三局處于劣努，不過最終他們還是贏了。
3.predecessor [pre( =before) +de( =down) +cess( =go)領(lǐng)先往下走]
n. former holder of any office or position; ancestor; thing to which another has succeeded 前任；祖先；被代替的原有事物
舉例： The new Miss America was crowned by her predecessor.
前任美國小姐給新當選的美國小姐戴上了桂冠。
4.premature [(pre( =before) +mat( =ripe)早一點熟的]
adj. happening or coming before the proper time; too early, untimely 時機尚早的；太早的．不到期的；早產(chǎn)的
舉例： It would be premature to fire her; she's still learning her job.
現(xiàn)在解雇她為時尚早，她還在熟悉工作。
5.prescibe [(pre( =before) +scrib( =write)事先寫]
v. set down as a direction or rule; order as a medical treatment 規(guī)定，命令；開處方
prescription 處方；命令，指示，規(guī)定，法規(guī) prescript 命令，規(guī)定，法令，法律
prescriptive 規(guī)定的，規(guī)范的；約定俗成的
舉例： The doctor prescribed some tranquilizers and a few days of rest.
醫(yī)生開了一些鎮(zhèn)靜劑，讓休息幾天。
6.presume [(pre(=before)+sum(=take)事先抓住、思考]
v. make supposition; venture; make a wrong use of 推斷；擅自（做）,冒昧（做）
presumption 推斷；放肆；專橫 presumptuous 放肆的；專橫的；傲慢的
presumable 可以推斷的 presuming 放肆的，冒昧的 presumptive 推斷的
presumably 據(jù)推測；可能
舉例：I prosume you'll beflying, not driving, right?
我猜你會坐飛機，而不是自己開車，對吧？
7.preview [(pre(=before)+view( =look)事先看]
n. view of a film,play,etc. betore it is shown to the general public 電影等的試映，預(yù)演
vt. have a preview of 試映，預(yù)演
舉例：l first saw Raiders of the Lost Ark at a sneak preview——and love it!
第一次看<奪寶奇兵>是在試映會土，我很喜歡！
8.preclude [(pre (=before) +clud( =shut)事先關(guān)上，關(guān)押起來]
adj. prevent; make impossible in advance 阻止，妨礙；排除；防止
preclusion n. 排除；妨礙；防止 preclusive adj. 排除的；妨礙的；防止的
舉例： Some medical conditions preclude getting facial cosmetic surgery.
有些醫(yī)療條件會妨礙臉部整形手術(shù)。
9.predominant [(pre( =before) +domin（=master）提前征服、熟練、精通]
adj. having more power or influence than others; prevailing; conspicuous 突出的，支配的；主要的，占優(yōu)勢的；顯著的，顯眼的
predominate 支配；占優(yōu)勢
predominance 支配；優(yōu)勢；顯著 predominantly 支配地；顯著地
舉例： The predominant color in her decorating scheme is taupe.
她的裝飾方案以褐灰色為主色。
10.preamble [(pre( =before) +ambl<ambul( =walk, go)捉前走、去]
n. introduction or preliminary statement, especially to a formal statement （正式文書的）序言，前言
舉例： My editor asked me to write a short preamble to my latest book.
編輯讓我為我的新書寫一篇簡短的序言。
11.precipice [pre(=betore) +cip( =head,take)頭在前邊的]
n. vertical or very steep face of a rock,cliff or mountain;critical situation 絕壁，懸崖；危急的處境
precipilate 猛拋下；促進；倉促的 precipitately 倉促地；陡然下降地；冷不防地
precipitalion 投下，落下；急促；降水量 precipitous 似懸崖峭壁的，陡峭的，險峻的
舉例： The liffle boy climbed onto the precipice and got stranded there.
那個小男孩爬上懸崖，站在那里孤立無援。
12.preferment [(pre(=before)+fer（=carry）向前搬運]
n. the act of moving up to a higher rank or position 晉升，提升
prefer 更喜歡…preference 更喜歡；優(yōu)先權(quán)；特惠 preferential 優(yōu)先的；特惠的
preferable 更好的，更可取的 preferably 更好地，更可取地
舉例： He is a gentleman who never sought preferment at the cost of personal integrity.
他是一位從不以犧牲自己的人格為代價去追求晉升的紳士。
13.preposterous [(pre(=before)+poster（=coming after）本來應(yīng)該在后面的來到前面]
adj. with and first last and the last first;contrary to nature,reason,or common sense as to be laughable;absurd 前后顛倒的；反常的；不合理的，荒謬的
preposterously 荒謬地，不合理地
舉例：He makes the preposterous claim that he is the best tennis player in the state.
他荒唐地宣稱自己是那個州最優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球選手。
14.precedent [pre（=before）+ced( =go)領(lǐng)先走]
n. something that serves as an example for the future 前例，憲例，判例
precede 領(lǐng)先 precedence 優(yōu)先 preceding 在先的，在前的，前面的
precedented 有先例的
舉例： Some say the government's decision to continue logging sets a dangerous precedent.
有人說政府繼續(xù)伐木的決定開了一個危險的先例。
15.predicament [(pre(=before) +dic( =say)提前說]
n. a condition or situation that is difficult, unpleasant, embarrassing or, sometimes,comical 困境．窘境
舉例： The world is in a real prodicament with the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
世界因為核武器的劇增而陷入困境。
16.premeditated [pre(=before) +med（=attend to, measure, heal）事先注意、測量]
adj. thinking out, planning or considering beforehand 事先想好的，有計劃的
premeditate 預(yù)先考慮 premeditation 預(yù)先設(shè)想
舉例： Her slapping you wasn't a promeditated act. She was just very angry.
她不是有意想打你，只是當時太生氣了。
17.pretext [ pre(=before) +text( =weave)事先編織、編造]
n. a false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one 借口，托辭
舉例： She used her mild cold as a pratext for missing work today.
今天她以輕微感冒為借口沒去上班。
18.precept [(pre(=before) +cept( =take)亨先抓住]
n. moral instruction 訓誡，戒律
preceptor 教師；訓誡者
舉例： One of the main precepts the Boy Scouts is to be "morally straight and clean".
童子軍的主要戒律之一是“思想端正純潔”。
19.precocious [pre（=before）+coc( =to mature, cook)早一點成熟]
adj. having developed certain faculties earlier than is normal 早熟的，較早具備某種能力的 precocity 早熟
舉例： She's a precocious tot. She could already read at 3.
她是個早慧的孩子，三歲的時候就會讀書識字了。
20.predilection [pre(=before) +di<dis( =apart) +lect( =choose)事先個別地挑出來]
n. special liking, mental preference 特別喜歡，偏愛
舉例：I have a strong predilection for sweets.
我特別喜歡甜食。
21.premonition [(pre(=before) + mon（=warn, advise, remind）事先警告、使想起]
n. feeling of uneasiness considered as a warning of approaching anger, etc. 預(yù)感，預(yù)告；前兆 premonitory 預(yù)告的，前兆的
舉例：I had a promonition that we were going to have an earthquake.
我預(yù)感到了我們會遭遇地震。
22.prerogative [pre( =before) +rog( =ask)比某人率先提出要求]
n. a right or privilege that belongs to a person, class, etc. according to rank or position 特權(quán)，大權(quán)
舉例：lt's the mayor's prerogative to choose the 4th of July speaker each year.
迭擇每年獨立紀念日（7月4日）的演講者是市長的特權(quán)。
23.pretentious [(pre(=before)+tent( =stretch)向前伸展]
adj.claiming great merit or importance 自負的；炫耀的，夸張的，虛張聲勢的
pretend 裝作…；自稱 pretense 虛偽；做作 pretension 自負，自居，虛張聲勢；虛飾；主張 pretender 偽裝者；妄想者
舉例： The people at the country club aren't protentious at all. They’re very nice!
那個鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部的人一點都不自以為是，他們很友好！
24.precursor [(pre( =before) +curs( =run)事先、率先跑]
n. to sign; harbinger, forerunner;a predecessor as in office 征兆，預(yù)告；先驅(qū)者，先覺者；前任 precursory 先驅(qū)的；預(yù)兆的；預(yù)備的
舉例：It has been said the Poe's novels were precursors to the modem detective novel.
坡的小說被認為是現(xiàn)代偵探小說的先驅(qū)。
25.preempt [pre（=before）+empt (=take)亨先抓住、采取]
v. obtain by preemption; occupy public land so as to have the right of preemption; do something to frustrate the aggressive plans 通過優(yōu)先購買權(quán)得到；為了得到優(yōu)先購買權(quán)而占有（公地）；先發(fā)制人，搶先取得，
事先獲得
preemption 優(yōu)先購買（權(quán)）；優(yōu)先獲取 preemptive 先取得的；優(yōu)先購買（權(quán)） 的；先發(fā)制人的
舉例： The special news bulletin preempted regular programming.
特別新聞快報取代了常規(guī)播放的節(jié)目。
26.prefatory [pre(=before)+fa( =say)先說]
adj. of a preface; introductory 序言的，前言的
preface 序言，前言
舉例： Before giving my speech, l'd like to make a few pretatory remarks.
在開始演講之前，我想先說幾句開場白。
27.presage [pre(=betore) +sag( =perceive)事先感覺、感知]
v. foretell, be a sign of, predict: have a presentiment of 預(yù)告，預(yù)示，預(yù)言；預(yù)知，預(yù)感
n. omen,a feeling that something is going to happen, foretelling 前兆，預(yù)告；預(yù)感
舉例： Chest and arm pains, nausea, and shortness of breath can presage a heart attack.
胸口和胳膊疼痛、惡心、呼吸困難都可能是心臟病的前兆。
28.presentiment [pre( =before) +sent( =feel)事先感覺]
n. vague feeling that something unpleasant or undesirable is about to happen 預(yù)感,直覺
舉例： l've had a presentiment all day that something extraordinary is going to happen.
我一整天都感覺好像要發(fā)生什么特別的事情似的。
29.prestigious [pre( =before) +stig<string( =prick, bind)事先刺，捆綁]
adj. bringing the influence or reputation gained by one's achievement, abilities,position, etc. 出名的，聞名于世的，有名望的，名門的 prestige 名望，威望
舉例： He was hired directty out of law school by a very prestigious law firm.
他一從法學院畢業(yè)就被一家有名的律師事務(wù)所錄用。
30.prescience [(pre(=before)+sci( =know)事先知道]
n. apparent knowledge of things before they happen or come into being 預(yù)知，先見
prescient 預(yù)知的，有先見之明的
舉例： Thanks to his prescience, he got out of the stock market betore it fell.
幸虧他有先見之明，得以在股市下跌之前脫身。
在線練習：