direct substitution

基本解釋

Through imitation Japan, Germany, Italy and other countries products, direct import substitution.
通過日本、德國、意大利等國產(chǎn)品，直接替代進口。
Previously, Duchateau (2005) tested a direct substitution of a WPC sill plate for PPT lumber in light-frame walls.
此前， Duchateau（2005）做了輕型框架結(jié)構(gòu)中用WPC直接替代PPT木質(zhì)板材做地基木的測試。
Companies, which account for 80% or more of revenue from letters at postal firms, have slashed direct-mail advertising budgets and embraced substitution as a way to reduce costs.
一般來說，郵遞業(yè)收入中超過80%來自公司企業(yè)的信件投遞業(yè)務，而這些大主顧現(xiàn)在卻不得不大幅減少自身的廣告郵件預算并大量使用電子郵件以降低公司的運營成本。