direct substitution

基本解釋

Through imitation Japan, Germany, Italy and other countries products, direct import substitution.
通過日本、德國、意大利等國産品，直接替代進(jìn)口。
Previously, Duchateau (2005) tested a direct substitution of a WPC sill plate for PPT lumber in light-frame walls.
此前， Duchateau（2005）做了輕型框架結(jié)搆中用WPC直接替代PPT木質(zhì)板材做地基木的測試。
Companies, which account for 80% or more of revenue from letters at postal firms, have slashed direct-mail advertising budgets and embraced substitution as a way to reduce costs.
一般來說，郵遞業(yè)收入中超過80%來自公司企業(yè)的信件投遞業(yè)務(wù)，而這些大主顧現(xiàn)在卻不得不大幅減少自身的廣告郵件預(yù)算竝大量使用電子郵件以降低公司的運(yùn)營成本。